Which file system is commonly used in Windows operating systems?

The commonly used file system in Windows operating systems is NTFS (New Technology File System). NTFS was introduced with Windows NT and has been the default file system for most subsequent Windows versions, including Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10, and 11.

NTFS offers numerous advantages over other file systems, such as improved support for larger files and volumes, better data integrity through journaling, file permissions for security, and support for features like disk quotas and encryption. These capabilities make NTFS well-suited for modern computing environments where security, reliability, and efficiency are crucial.

While FAT32 is also used in Windows systems, particularly for compatibility with removable media like USB drives and older systems, it has limitations such as a maximum file size of 4GB and lacks some of the modern features provided by NTFS. Similarly, HFS+ is primarily associated with macOS, and ext4 is commonly used in Linux environments. Therefore, NTFS stands out as the file system that is specifically designed to meet the needs of Windows users, making it the correct answer.