What type of malware can replicate itself across networks without needing a host file?

The computer worm is a type of malware known for its ability to self-replicate across networks independently, unlike other forms of malware that often require a host file or user intervention to spread. Worms exploit vulnerabilities in network protocols or software to propagate from one system to another, creating copies of themselves without needing any attachments or host files, which is a key distinguishing feature.

In contrast, ransomware requires a host file or user action to initiate its attack, typically encrypting files and demanding a ransom for their recovery. Stealth viruses and boot sector viruses also rely on host files or specific conditions for their operation and spread, operating within existing file structures or system boot processes, thus making them dependent on user interaction or specific environments. This makes the behavior of computer worms unique in the domain of malware, highlighting their capacity to propagate rapidly and autonomously across networks.