What type of authentication method involves something you know, like a password?

The authentication method that involves something you know, such as a password, is known as "something you know." This type of authentication relies on the user providing specific information that can verify their identity, typically in the form of a password, PIN, or answers to security questions. The essence of this method is that it requires the user to recall predefined secrets that are known only to them, making it a common first line of defense in securing accounts and sensitive data.

In contrast to this, the other types of authentication methods focus on different criteria. "Something you have" involves physical items like security tokens or smart cards that are in the user's possession, while "something you are" refers to biometric verification, such as fingerprints or facial recognition. "Something you do" may involve analyzing user behavior patterns, such as typing speed or mouse movements. Each of these methods has its own strengths and weaknesses, but the foundation of "something you know" plays a critical role in identity verification due to its reliance on unique personal knowledge.