How can you differentiate between 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems?

The differentiation between 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems fundamentally revolves around the amount of memory they can address. A 32-bit operating system can handle a maximum of 4 GB of RAM due to the limitations of its addressing scheme. Specifically, in a 32-bit architecture, the address space is limited to 2^32 bytes, which totals to 4 GB. This limitation restricts the total amount of RAM available for applications and processes running on a 32-bit system.

In contrast, a 64-bit operating system can theoretically address up to 16 exabytes of RAM (2^64 bytes), though practical limits are much lower and depend on the operating system and hardware configurations. This vast increase in addressable memory allows 64-bit systems to handle larger applications and perform better with multitasking, especially in modern computing environments.

While other choices mention aspects of compatibility and general status of 32-bit systems, they do not provide a definitive technical distinction based on memory addressing limits, which is a key characteristic that separates the two architectures. Understanding RAM limitations is essential in choosing the appropriate operating system for specific application needs, especially in environments where high performance and multitasking capabilities are required.