Describe the purpose of RAID in data storage.

RAID, which stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks, serves a dual purpose in data storage: enhancing system performance and providing protection against data loss. By combining multiple physical disk drive components into a single logical unit, RAID can distribute data across those drives in various ways, depending on the RAID level implemented.

When configured for performance, certain RAID levels use striping, which allows data to be read from or written to multiple disks simultaneously. This significantly improves read/write speeds, making it particularly beneficial for applications requiring high-speed data access.

In terms of protection, RAID achieves redundancy by mirroring data or using parity data, so that in the event of a drive failure, the information is still accessible from the remaining drives. This ensures that data integrity is maintained and reduces the risk of data loss.

The other options misrepresent the scope and purpose of RAID. For instance, RAID is not limited to temporary data storage; it is primarily used for persistent data needs. While RAID can optimize performance and redundancy, it does not inherently manage data distribution across different network locations nor provide encryption for security purposes.