Describe the difference between a static IP address and a dynamic IP address.

A static IP address is assigned permanently to a device, meaning that it does not change over time. This type of address is usually configured manually, and it remains constant, making it easier to manage devices that need to maintain the same address for purposes such as hosting websites or services. On the other hand, a dynamic IP address is assigned by a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server and can change over time. This allows a more efficient allocation of IP addresses within a network because the addresses can be reused for different devices as they connect and disconnect.

The permanence of a static IP address is particularly useful for servers or other critical devices that need to be consistently reachable at the same address, while dynamic IP addresses are often used in environments where devices frequently connect and disconnect, like in home networks or public Wi-Fi hotspots. This distinction is key to understanding network configuration and management.